Faculty of Computing and Mathematics

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Acceptance, Use and Success of E-Learning Systems in Developing Countries: A Comparison from Malaysia and Tanzania
(The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning, 2018-04) Lashayo, Deogratius Mathew
Finding an effective model which guiding universities in developing countries on acceptance, use and success of e-learning systems has been a tricky. This has been contributed largely with inadequate of factors explaining the existing models. This research study is aimed at comparing and contrasting results of two developed models in Tanzania and Malaysia respectively. Explored factors and hypotheses existing in two developed models will be compared and contrasted. The unified model will be deduced which explaining the acceptance, use and success of this systems. It implies that between these two countries there are considerable number of common factors for guiding successfully acceptance, use and success of e-learning systems, however Malaysia has been better off in terms of course contents, design and delivery. The significance of these result is on policy marking and strategy formulation of educational institutions which are eager to have comprehensive e-learning systems in developing countries, Malaysia and Tanzania in particular.
Biometric Authentication in Financial Institutions: The intention of Banks to Adopt Biometric Powered ATM
(Advances in Computer Science: an International Journal (ACSIJ), 2016-07) Mandari, Herman; Koloseni, Daniel Ntabagi
The main purpose of this study was to assess the intention of banks to adopt biometric powered ATMs in Tanzania’s financial sector. The study adopted Electronic Data interchange (EDI) model and extended it by introducing perceived risks in order to address the issue of risk which is mostly considered as the main barrier in implementing various technologies. The study used a sample of 47 banks, using ATM in Tanzania, and a multiple respondent’s technique was used to collect 102 valid responses. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data; the empirical result shows that external pressure and perceived benefit are positively influencing the adoption of biometric powered ATM while perceived risk has negative influence. However, organization readiness was found to be insignificant in this study. This study has provided a more holistic understanding on the factors affecting adoption of biometric powered ATM which may enable various banks managers to adopt and implement biometric powered ATMs in Tanzania’s financial sector.
Comparing and Contrasting E-learning Systems’ Adoption in Tanzania: The Experience from Students-Instructors of Eight Universities
(International Journal of Computer (IJC), 2018) Lashayo, Deogratius Mathew; Md Johar, Md Gapar
Students and instructors contrasting interests were major adoption block in e-learning systems in the world’s universities like Tanzania in particular. This paper aimed at examining aspects in which students-instructors are similar and different in e-learning systems’ adoption in Tanzania’s universities. This paper uses results from two empirical models which were developed from two sample of 1,005 students and 86 instructors from eight universities in Tanzania. Specifically, it intends to achieve the following objectives: (1) to determine common and contrasting factors affecting students-instructors in e-learning systems adoption, (2) to examine common hypotheses and their strengths, (3) to deduce a unified model (view). The results showed that there were considerable common interests between these two key stakeholders (instructors and students) in e-learning systems however there were also contrasting interests too, this implies that specific and common interests shall always be considered in adopting and measuring these systems. These findings will help policy makers in their plan and strategy for e-learning systems’ adoption and measuring in universities in Tanzania especially in environment where both instructors and students need optimal e-learning systems. The novelty of this research lies in identified common core factors between students and instructors with their corresponding common hypotheses strengths in universities in Tanzania.
Continuance Usage of Mobile Banking Services Among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania
(International Journal of ICT Research in Africa and the Middle East, 2020-06) Mandari, Herman; Koloseni, Daniel Ntabagi
The study examines the intention to continue using mobile banking services among SMEs in Tanzania. The study extended the ECS-IS model by adding three variables: ease-of-use, perceived trust, and attitude to address the existing challenges in continuance usage of mobile banking services. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire from company’s owners and managers. A total of 287 responses were used in data analysis. SEM technique was employed to evaluate the measurement and structural models. The study found that satisfaction and attitude have a direct influence on continuance usage of mobile banking among SMEs in Tanzania. Furthermore, confirmation, perceived trust, and perceived usefulness have an indirect effect on continuance usage of mobile banking services among SMEs. The study provides useful insights which could be used by mobile banking service providers to improve banking services delivered through mobile technology. Furthermore, the findings will assist scholars in understanding the antecedents which affect continuance usage of mobile banking services among SMEs.
Electronic Fiscal Device (EFD) acceptance for tax compliance among trading business community in Tanzania: the role of awareness and trust
(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2017-03) Mandari, Herman; Koloseni, Daniel Ntabagi
This study investigates factors, which motivates taxpayers to accept Electronic Fiscal Device (EFD) for tax collection. The study extended the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Technology Use (UTAUT) to study taxpayers’ intent to use and acceptance of EFD. Purposive sampling technique was employed to collect a total of 253 valid responses from taxpayers in service sector. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicates that awareness is the key influencing factor on taxpayers’ acceptance of accept EFD, while facilitating conditions and intention to use EFD were key determinant factors for taxpayers’ EFD actual usage behavior. To increase acceptance of EFD, policy makers should provide more awareness campaign as well as providing online assistance to EFD users.
Evaluating Social Media Utilization on the Implementation of E-Government Goals in Tanzania
(Journal of African Research in Business & Technology, 2016-12-21) Mandari, Herman; Koloseni, Daniel Ntabagi
The study examines the intention to continue using mobile banking services among SMEs in Tanzania. The study extended the ECS-IS model by adding three variables: ease-of-use, perceived trust, and attitude to address the existing challenges in continuance usage of mobile banking services. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire from company’s owners and managers. A total of 287 responses were used in data analysis. SEM technique was employed to evaluate the measurement and structural models. The study found that satisfaction and attitude have a direct influence on continuance usage of mobile banking among SMEs in Tanzania. Furthermore, confirmation, perceived trust, and perceived usefulness have an indirect effect on continuance usage of mobile banking services among SMEs. The study provides useful insights which could be used by mobile banking service providers to improve banking services delivered through mobile technology. Furthermore, the findings will assist scholars in understanding the antecedents which affect continuance usage of mobile banking services among SMEs.
An Evaluation of Web Accessibility: The Context of Tanzanian Public Websites
(The African Journal of Finance and Management, 2014-12) Mandari, Herman
Inaccessible websites tend to present a big challenge to users, particularly in the electronic government era. Inaccessible websites tend to segregate disabled and other people from accessing online public contents. The Tanzania government is currently using electronic government strategy that involves the use of websites, among others, to disseminate public information and services to stakeholders. However, the issue of web accessibility has been given little attention. This study assessed the web accessibility status of 21 public websites under the auspices of Tanzania National Portal and Ministries by using WCAG 2.0 Level A conformance guideline. Manual and automatic evaluations were used to evaluate homepages for selected websites. A-checker and Cynthia-Says were used in the automatic evaluation process. The result shows that none of the evaluated websites homepage is accessible, yet with a variation in the inaccessibility levels. This study provides a more holistic understanding on the importance of web accessibility on public website, shades lights on various web accessibility guidelines, provides status of public websites in terms of web accessibility, and lastly gives recommendations for improvement to allow more people to access public web contents in Tanzania.
Finding a Correct Measure of Information Systems: The Integration of UTAUT and Lin Model into IS Success Model
(International Journal of Computer (IJC), 2018) Lashayo, Deogratius Mathew
Finding effective and comprehensive model to measure information systems’ acceptance, use, individual and organizational impacts is tricky. This has been contributed by limited factors of existing models and frameworks. This conceptual paper aimed at proposing a comprehensive and effective information success model called Lashayo10, which will have a capability to define, explain, and measure important factors for successful acceptance, user satisfaction and use of Information Systems (IS). Random literature review will be used to assess the literature critically, and to propose an enhancement model for the IS success. The proposed model (Lashayo10) will adapt DeLone and McLean IS model integrated with UTAUT and Lin (2008) model. The Lashayo10 will be subjected to empirical validation by researchers in information systems’ projects. The novelty of this study lies on the number of effective and comprehensive measurement factors which are proposed in a single holistic model.
Gender and age differences in rural farmers’ intention to use m-government services
(Electronic Government, An International Journal, 2018) Mandari, Herman; Chong, Yee-Lee
The purpose of this study is to determine: (1) the direct effect of the innovation diffusion theory (IDT) constructs and government support on rural farmers’ behavioral intention to use m-government service; and (2) how different categories of age and gender in Tanzania rural areas could moderate the effect generated by IDT constructs and government support on respondents’ behavioral intention. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyses 407 completed questionnaires. Relative advantage, ease-of-use, compatibility; and government support were found to be significant determinants of rural farmers’ behavioral intention. Age and gender were found to moderate the effects of relative advantage and ease-of-use on behavioral intention while gender could moderate the effect of compatibility on behavioral intention partially. Tactical suggestions to policy makers are given. In general, different strategies and policies could be used to increase different cohorts’ behavioral intention to use m-government service.
The Influence of Government Support and Awareness on M-Government Adoption in Rural Tanzania: The Mediating Role of Perceived Characteristics of Innovation
(Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 2017-11) Mandari, Herman
Mobile government is considered to be the best solution in providing public services in developing countries. Tanzania, without exclusive has adopted m-government services to improve accessibility of public services particularly in rural areas. However, literature has shown that lack of awareness and inadequate government support limit the acceptance of m-government in rural areas. This implies that it is difficult for the government and rural citizens to realize the potential of m-government if the current situation persists. Furthermore, literature has revealed that no evidence of any empirical behavioral study has examined factors influencing rural farmers’ behavioral intention to adopt m-government services in Tanzania. Therefore, this study fills the existing gap by conducting an empirical behavioral study that examines factors which motivate rural farmers to adopt m-government services. The study extended Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) with government support and awareness to examine the rural farmers’ behavioral intention to adopt m-government services. The study employed stratification and multi-stage sampling techniques with simple random sampling to select units of interest. A survey was conducted by using Drop Off / Pick Up method to collect 407 valid and reliable responses. Structural equation modeling was employed to test and confirm the study’s hypotheses. The findings show that government support, relative advantage, ease-of-use, compatibility, result demonstrability, and visibility have direct and positive significant influence on rural farmers’ behavioral intention to adopt m-government services. Furthermore, the findings indicate that awareness has indirect and positive significant effect on rural farmers’ behavioral intention through relative advantage, ease-of-use, compatibility, and visibility. The study expands the existing scholars’ knowledge on adoption of m-government services in Tanzania and other developing countries. It provides useful implications for policy makers to increase the adoption of m-government in rural areas.
The influence of government support and awareness on rural farmers' intention to adopt mobile government services in Tanzania
(Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 2017) Mandari, Herman; Chong, Yee-Lee; Wye, Chung-Khain
Instructor Adoption of E-learning Systems in Tanzania’s Universities: A Proposed Multi-Factors Adoption Model (MFAM11)
(International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 2018) Lashayo, Deogratius Mathew; Md Johar, Md Gapar
Current studies show that there is no comprehensive adoption model in e-learning systems in universities. This problem opens up to too much debate about which models and frameworks fit well in an e-learning environment particularly in universities in Tanzania. This paper answers the two debatable questions, which are: (1) what are the factors that affect adoption of e-learning systems in Tanzania’s universities, (2) what is the comprehensive e-learning adoption model in universities in Tanzania. This research study adapts DeLone and McLean (2003) IS model after an extensive literature reviews conducted in information systems and in e-learning systems. The findings from this research will add up to literature of limited factors’ model and it will open it up for validation in a different universities’ application domain.
Measuring E-Learning System Adoption in Universities in Tanzania: An Integration of Trust, Environmental Factors, and University Readiness Into an IS Success Model
(International Journal of ICT Research in Africa and the Middle East, 2020-07) Lashayo, Deogratius Mathew
The success of e-learning systems in Tanzania relies on various factors that influence its measurement. Examples of the key factors include trust, environmental factors, and the university readiness. However, influence of these factors towards e-learning systems is not clear. Understanding their impacts and significance helps decision makers and stakeholders in making informed decisions on how to handle them. This study modifies the information systems (IS) success model whereby it adopts 12 factors that had been suggested by this author in his previous study conducted in Open University of Tanzania (OUT) in 2017. A sample of 1,005 students from eight universities in Tanzania was collected. A structural equation modelling was used in data analysis. The results shows trust (T) has positive and significant impact on e-learning actual use (EAU) while environmental factors (EF) had positive and significant impacts on e-learning actual use and perceived benefits, and at the same time, university readiness had a positive and significant impact on perceived benefits (PB).
Mud Pulse Signal Extraction and Noise Cancellation based on Adaptive LMS and NLMS Algorithms Performance
(International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2020-05-05) Mwachaka, Saleh M.
During logging-while drilling data collection and transmission, strong noise and interferential signals contaminate mud pulse encoded signals. Varying and unpredictable statistical noise characteristics severely influence logging mud pulse signal measurement precision and reliability; making the raw signal extraction from the received signal becoming the key problem. Adaptive filter algorithms perform statistical estimation of the unknown signal to eliminate noise signals and overcome the problem of fixed coefficient digital filters. This paper researches the adaptive noise cancellation method to realize filter performances based on field mud pulse signal submerged into noise signal. MATLAB simulations are used to implement and simulate adaptive filter least mean square (LMS) and normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithms. Well-site field mud pulse signal characteristics simulation results are used to compare and analyse the filter algorithm performance capability. Simulations show that the mud pulse input signal contains the direct current (DC) offset frequency and changes the sign level and channel characteristics. Based on MATLAB simulation results analysis, mud pulse useful signal is extracted, direct current offset and noise frequency components suppressed. Experimental results of the proposed method demonstrate the feasibility to apply the solution into mud pulse logging-while drilling systems. The research has presented a systematic step-by-step noise cancellation method to overcome the undisclosed implemented steps or signal spectral characteristics of different existing drilling signal models and simulation environments.
A Novel Weak Signal Detection Method of Electromagnetic LWD Based on a Duffing Oscillator
(Journal of Sensors, 2018-06-21) Wu, Aiping; Mwachaka, Saleh M.; Pei, Yanliang; Fu, Qingqing
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The logging while drilling (LWD) electromagnetic weak signal detection model of a Duffing oscillator based on a one-dimensional nonlinear oscillator is established. The influences of noise on Duffing oscillator dynamic behavior of periodic driving force are discussed and evaluate the oscillator weak signal detection mechanism based on a phase change trajectory diagram. The improved Duffing oscillator is designed and applied to detect the electromagnetic logging signal resistivity at the drill bit using the time-scale transformation method. The simulation results show that the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the Duffing oscillator are very noticeable, the Duffing circuit is very sensitive to detect the tested signal, and it has a reasonable level of immunity to noise. The smaller the amplitude of the tested signal, the more sensitive the circuit is to the signal, the better the antinoise system performance, and the lower the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave logging while drilling in deviated well
(Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2018) Wu, Aiping; Fu, Qingqing; Mwachaka, Saleh M.; He, Xiaoying
Electromagnetic wave logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools are used in geosteering for hydrocarbon exploration. Comparing with vertical wells, the response of logging has widely changed because the electrical parameters surrounding the borehole are non axisymmetrical distribution in deviated well. In this paper, with the method of alternating-direction-implicit finite difference time-domain (ADI-FDTD), we discuss the logging response of electromagnetic wave LWD in deviated well, three-dimensional Yee’s non-uniform staggered grid is used in cylindrical coordinates, transfer coordinate system is built between strata space and instrument space, which the conductivity tensor of the an isotropic and dipping formation can be expressed in coordinates of instrument, the method of area weighted average is used to compute the effective conductivity of partially-filled grid cells at interfaces, and uni axial perfectly matched layer (UPML) absorbing boundary conditions is used to truncate the computational domain. Result shows that horn of logging response curve is appeared on both upper and lower boundaries, when electromagnetic wave LWD tool penetrating through the boundary with large dipping angle, and this horn is used to indicate the presence of formation boundaries. What’s more, with the eccentric distance increases, horns effect of the boundary is more obvious.
The practice of information security: an analysis of government employees in Tanzania using the Health Belief Model (HBM)
(Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 2017-11) Koloseni, Daniel Ntabagi
E-Government information systems need to be protected to ensure secure delivery of information services to the citizens. Lack of information security awareness, poor perceptions with regard to the susceptibility and severity of information security attacks, benefits and barriers of practicing security behavior and poor information security habits among Tanzania government employees, jeopardize the success of the e-government initiatives in Tanzania. To address the above issues, this study extends and uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a foundational research model of the study. To measure hypothetical relationships between the constructs of the research model, the study employed the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. Process macro was used to test the mediation relationships. Data were collected using questionnaires from the government employees tasked to operate the e-government information systems. The study found that perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, cues to action and information security habits, were key determinants iv of intention to practice information security behaviors. In addition, intention to practice information security was the key determinant of the actual practice of information security. Mediation analysis results indicate that perceived severity construct mediates the relationships between the level of education of the government employees and intention to practice information security behaviors. In order to motivate government employees to practice the acceptable information behaviors, policy and decision makers should invest more efforts in increasing the intention of government employees to practice information security and its respective determinants. To achieve this, information security training, education programs, information security awareness campaigns, rewards, sanctions, dialogue between employees and security experts and cues should be used. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in the following ways: 1) extending the model by adding two variables; information security habits and actual practice of information security behaviors, 2) examining the mediation effects of individual perceptions on the relationships between education level and intention to practice information security behaviors and 3) addressing the knowledge gap on paucity of studies which measures the influence of information security habits on the intention to practice information security behaviors.
Preliminary Study on Multi-Factors Affecting Adoption of E-Learning Systems in Universities: A Case of Open University of Tanzania (OUT)
(I.J. Modern Education and Computer Science, 2018-03-08) Lashayo, Deogratius Mathew; Md Johar, Md Gapar
Literature show that there are limited factors for existing models in e-learning systems’ adoption. This has raised an increasing sensible debate about factors affecting successful adoption of e-leaning systems in universities in developing world particularly in Tanzania. This preliminary study aimed at exploring multiple factors for successful adoption of e-learning systems in universities in learner perspective, using DeLone and McLean (2003) IS success model as a base model. This study was conducted by collecting data randomly, using the questionnaire from students of Open Universities of Tanzania (OUT) with response rate of 0.83 in a cross-sectional study and later analyzed through content validity, reliability, and criterion-based predictive validity. The preliminary analysis shows that there are twelve distinctive factors affecting e-learning systems’ adoption in universities in Tanzania. This finding suggests more empirical research studies to follow it up, to cement and generalize this case and validate the proposed model in large scale. The novelty of this research lies on the number and uniqueness of factors found.
A Review of E-Learning Systems’ Adoption in Tanzania Universities
(South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 2017-08) Lashayo, Deogratius Mathew; Md Johar, Md Gapar
E-learning system is a form of teaching and learning in which a virtual learning environment is created which provide a smooth transfer of knowledge content between tutor and learner or learner and learner in which an Internet is acting as a medium of networking (wired or wireless) between communicating digital devises and learning sessions may be either synchronous or asynchronous. The objective of this paper is to assess the extent to which e-learning systems have adopted in the public and private universities in Tanzania and its associated challenges by randomly reviewing the past research studies and analysing contents contained in an official website of universities. This research found that the adoption of e-learning systems in Tanzania’s Universities is still very low, at about 46% of universities have adopted e-learning systems for both Public and Private Universities with 75% of e-learning application software being Moodle based. Also, the finding show that the e-learning systems’ adoption are facing with several challenges including ICT Infrastructure, ICT Policy, ICT Training to mention the few, however there are several interventions which had been taken including introduction of new National ICT Policy, Rise of data operators. This snapshot is useful to provoke for more academic enquiry in Tanzania and developing world at large to find the best model for e-learning systems adoption. The findings also have the potential to policy makers, universities and other stakeholder to understand the rate of e-learning adoption in order to justify the total investment based on that technology.
A review of mud pulse telemetry signal impairments modeling and suppression methods
(Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 2018-06-02) Mwachaka, Saleh M.; Wu, Aiping; Fu, Qingqing
Exploration and drilling operations are the most costly and risky activities that require logging while drilling effective tool operation and high speed real-time data transmission. Among other logging technologies, mud pulse telemetry has been widely adopted into real-time drilling and logging data measurements for deep formation evaluation decision-making. However, the increased down hole information quantity and quality requirements have elevated demands for greater bandwidth and higher data rate transmission. Maximum possible mud pulse telemetry data rates are obstructed by unpredictable signal impairments. Researchers have implemented numerous downhole signal modulation techniques, data compression algorithms and surface receiver noise cancellation techniques to lower bit errors and increase signal-to-noise ratio. This study reviews mud pulse telemetry system signal transmission challenges and current countermeasure trends. Rigorous technical literature reviews from exploration and drilling oilfield service industry have been at the receiving end debated. Mud channel signal characteristics, signal attenuation factors, signal detection and decoding techniques are critical to successful mud pulse operations. To minimize exploration, drilling and economic risks, this study explores mud pulse data transmission challenges, strategies and possible technical solutions to the next generation engineers and scholars in the field.

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